Offspring are still being produced, but rate of population increase is lower.

Deformation of leaves.
May cause honeydew formation and sooty mold on fruit.
May transmit viruses; Scorch virus is especially problematic.

Check 5 leaves at each plant.
Look for winged and wingless aphids as well as for aphid mummies.   Make a note if you find honeydew and sooty mold on fruit, indicating a high level of aphids.

Beneficial insects should be starting to keep this pest in check at this time.  If populations are still increasing, consider treatment after harvest.

Reduce excessive nitrogen use.  Aphids (and other piercing/ sucking insects) are attracted to high nitrogen tissues.

Foster habitat for beneficial insects.

Chemical control.

Continue scouting for aphid and beneficial insect populations.

Egg sacs of spiders or pupae of lacewing or syrphid flies contained in the blossom end of the fruit.

Fruit with these contaminants will appear as a white furry mat in the blossom end, rendering the fruit unsaleable. These are beneficial insects so control is not recommended.

Inspect 5 fruit per plant for contaminants at the blossom end.

Contaminated fruit will need to be removed on the grading line.

Remove fruit from the line when showing contamination.

Train grading staff on what to look for in the way of fruit contaminants.

Infected fruit will show up in the clusters and drop to the ground to overwinter.  Mummyberries appear pink and puckered with brown and corky inside tissue.

Loss of yield due to infected fruit.

At each plant, check 5 fruit clusters for symptoms.  Examine the ground beneath the plant to see if any infected fruit has fallen to the ground.

No tolerance established.

If on a small farm, clean up dropped fruit following harvest

Chemical

Watch for fallen berries following harvest. 

Cankers are growing in size through the season; they will appear to be more like a bull’s eye with a gray center.

Stem girdling when cankers get large.

Inspect 20 plants per site.
Look for leaves turning color earlier than ususal acting as red flags in the field.

No tolerance established

Prune out infected wood.
Choose resistant varieties.

Educate farm workers on identification of cankers and pruning out methods.

Infected plants may appear normal except for the lack of fruit.

Loss of yield for at least one year.

Keep monitoring plants with symptoms.  Those that have not recovered should be tested by Oregon State University for Scorch Virus.

No tolerance established; plants usually recover.

Plants will probably have recovered by this stage.

Continue monitoring plants with shock symptoms.

Gray fuzzy mold becomes more active on ripening fruit.

Reduces fruit quality and yield.

Inspect 5 fruit clusters per plant.
Look for gray fuzzy mold.

No established tolerance

Harvest frequently where gray mold is commonly seen, especially in conditions of warm and wet weather.

Continue scouting for infected fruit.

Softening salmon colored spore masses may be seen on infected fruit.

Infected ripe fruit can cause a great reduction in yield.

Inspect 5 fruit clusters per plant for signs of infection.  Rate the infection (low, medium, high)

Consider treatment if levels of infection are medium to high, especially if weather is warm and wet.

To reduce the spread among harvested fruit, reduce the temperature of the fruit to 32°F as soon as possible.

Chemical

Train harvesting and processing crew on how to identify infected fruit.

Ripe fruit may show caving in and greenish-gray spores near the flower end.

Reduction in yield and fruit quality.

Inspect 5 fruit clusters per plant.  Look for infection symptoms.  Rate the infection level (low, medium, high).

Consider treatment if levels of infection are medium to high.

Avoid over ripening by harvesting in a timely fashion.  Cool fruit immediately after harvest, and avoid wounding fruit during harvest.

Train harvesting and processing crew on how to identify infected fruit.

Plants infected with scorch virus will not be recovering at this time as are those with shock virus.

Plant and field death.
This virus can be spread quickly through a field and between fields.

Scouting for infected plants should be done through the entire field.  Plants suspected for Scorch (or shock) virus should be tested immediately.

Zero tolerance. 

No treatment available for this disease.
Plants must be removed from the field as soon as identified.

Continue monitoring and testing for virus in field.