Literature: Names, Taxonomy, Morphology

Names, Taxonomy, Morphology

Alexander, C P.
Previously unpublished comments on the use of the plenary powers to stabilise the names of the North European species belonging to the Tipula oleracae group within the genus Tipula Linnaeus, 1758 (Insecta, Diptera).
Bull Zool Nomencl 31, no. 1 (JULY 31, 1974): 5-8.

Blackshaw,-R.P.; Moore,-J.P.
Morphological determination of leatherjacket (Tipula paludosa) instars (Diptera: Tipulidae).
Rec-Agric-Res. Belfast : Dept. of Agriculture for Northern Ireland. 1984. v. 32 p. 87-89. ill.

Gelhaus, J.K.
Larvae of the crane fly genus Tipula in North America (Diptera: Tipulidae)
University of Kansas science bulletin. 53, no. 3 (June 20, 1986): p. 121-182. ill.

Hofsvang, T.
The species of the subgenus Tipula L. (Diptera, Tipulidae) in Norway Tipula (Tipula) czizek, Tipula (Tipula) paludosa, crop pests.
p. 93-95. maps. Publishing Agencies: Non-US Imprint, not FAO Norwegian journal of entomology. Oslo, Norsk Zoologisk Tidsskriftsentral. 1981. v. 28 (2) ISSN: 0332-7698

Humphreys-IC; Blackshaw-RP; Stewart-RM; Coll-C
Differentiation between larvae of Tipula paludosa and Tipula oleracea (Diptera: Tipulidae) using isoelectric focusing, and their occurrence in grassland in northern Britain.
Annals-of-Applied-Biology. 1993, 122: 1, 1-8; 19 ref.
Thin layer agarose isoelectric focusing (IEF) was used to separate proteins from the larvae of Tipula oleracea and T. paludosa. Silver staining revealed protein banding patterns which consistently distinguished these 2 species at any stage in their life cycles. Within the pH range 5-6, T. paludosa contained 1 major protein band and T. oleracea 2, with the pI value of the T. paludosa protein being slightly higher than those of T. oleracea. The IEF method was particularly useful for the larval stages of these species because they are often visually inseparable. Tipulids obtained during a survey of Northern Ireland and north-eastern and western Scotland were tested to determine the distribution and frequency of these species occurring in grassland. In each area surveyed T. paludosa predominated, with only 1 field in Northern Ireland and north-eastern Scotland containing T. oleracea. In western Scotland, T. oleracea occurred in 5 fields each year of the survey, and was locally abundant on the Isle of Bute in 1990-91, making up 15% of the total larvae tested.

Humphreys-IC; Blackshaw-RP; Stewart-RM; Coll-C; Williams-GH
Distribution of Tipula oleracea and Tipula paludosa in northern Britain.
Crop protection in Northern Britain 1993: Proceedings of a Conference, Dundee University, 23-25 March 1993. 1993, 85-90; 11 ref.
Proteins extracted from Tipulidae obtained during a survey of northern Britain were separated using isoelectric focusing to determine the distribution and frequency of Tipula paludosa and T. oleracea occurring in grassland. Staining revealed protein banding patterns which consistently distinguished the species. In each area surveyed, T. paludosa predominated. Only 1 of 75 fields surveyed in Northern Ireland and 1 of 32 in north-eastern Scotland was found to contain T. oleracea. In western Scotland T. oleracea occurred in 5 fields out of 68 and 129 in 1990-91 and 1991-92 surveys, resp. This species was locally abundant on the Isle of Bute in 1990-91, making up 15% of the total larvae tested.

Hutson, A M. ; Vane-Wright R I. ; Cranston, P S.
Revived proposals for stabilizing names in the Tipula oleracea species-group (Diptera: Tipulidae)
Z. N. (S) 896. Bull Zool Nomencl 33, no. 1 (JUNE 1976): 39-45.

Jackson, D M.
European crane fly (Tipula paludosa) an introduced pest of turf and pasture in Whatcom County, Washington.
Proc Wash State Entomol Soc (MAR 1973): 356-358.

Jackson, D M. ; Campbell, R L.
Biology of the european crane fly, Tipula paludosa Meigen, in western Wasthington (Tipulidae; Diptera)
Tech Bull Wash Agric Exp Stn 81 (JULY 1975): 23 p. map. ref. Publishing Agencies: Experiment Station

Myers, J.H. ; Iyer, R.
Phenotypic and genetic characteristics of the European cranefly Tipula paludosa following its introduction and spread in western North America.
p. 519-532. ill. Publishing Agencies: Non-US Imprint, not FAO The Journal of animal ecology. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications. June 1981. v. 50 (2) ISSN: 0021-8790

Pritchard, G.
The growth of Tipula larvae with particular reference to the head capsule (Diptera: Tipulidae).
p. 2646-2651. ill. Publishing Agencies: Non-US Imprint, not FAO Canadian journal of zoology = Journal canadien de zoologie. Ottawa : National Research Council of Canada. Nov 1982. v. 60 (11) ISSN: 0008-4301

Young-CW; Onore-G; Proano-K
First occurrence of Tipula (Tipula) oleracea Linnaeus (Diptera: Tipulidae) in the New World, with biological notes.
Journal-of-the-Kansas-Entomological-Society. 1999, 72: 2, 226-232; 20 ref.
Tipula (Tipula) oleracea Linnaeus, a species native to the Old World, is first recorded from Ecuador (South America). The local habitat for adults and immatures is reported. The last instar larva and pupa are described and illustrated. Modes for introduction of this economically important species into the Neotropical Region are discussed. Accidental introduction of larvae in soil associated with horticultural imports from Europe is considered likely.

Zapol'Skaia, T I.
Ecology and pre-imaginal phase of development of Tipula paludosa and Tipula czizeki.
In Voprosy Entomologii Pagination: P. 24-31. 1974.

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