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European Crane Fly  MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES -Past and Current While cultural and biological techniques have been tried, chemical controls, when effective, have the most pronounced effect. It has been observed that properly fertilized lawns can endure huge numbers of larvae and without visible damage. Indeed Blackshaw and Newbold, 1987, showed that N fertilizer treatment in the U.K. during the third week of March produced grass yields nearly equal to those where Dursban was used alone. There have been attempts to identify grass cultivars that demonstrate some level of host plant resistance (Pesho et al., 1981). This kind of work has not been fruitful to date. Various biological methods have been utilized. In Canada during 1968, a tachinid parasite Siphona geniculata (de Geer) was released and concurrently an iridescent virus was also tested. Neither has been particularly successful (Wilkinson, 1969). Nematodes show some efficacy, but rarely demonstrate more than 50% reduction in larval numbers (Stahnke and Antonelli, 1995). There are strains that do show respectable efficacy (Berry, R. pers. Com.). As these become commercially available they will certainly be tested. MANAGEMENT WITHOUT DURSBAN - Future Options Chemicals have historically been the major management tool for crane fly control, but with the impending loss of the most effective chemical, Dursban, we are faced with a formidable challenge in finding a replacement that is both effective and reasonably environmentally sound. The table below provides a picture of past failures and successes in the PNW. It is apparent that successes that are reasonably safe have been limited (Stahnke et al., 1993 Campbell, 1975, Goss et al., 1986). The ratings are based on interpretation of data based on larval reduction from pretreatment spring sampling and data comparing treatments and checks from post treatment spring sampling. ***Coming Soon*** FUTURE QUESTS FOR A DURSBAN REPLACEMENT ***Coming Soon*** Previous Next				In this paper: Introduction Life Cycle Current Management Practices Management Techniques - Past & Current Bibliography Printer-friendly format combines all sections of this paper See also: "They don't drive Harleys" - by Craig MacConnell "ECF & CCF" - by Sharon Collman "Managing ECF in Whatcom Co." - by Todd Murray and Scarlet Tang
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