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European Crane Fly    LITERATURE CITED Antonelli, A.L. and G. Stahnke.1998. European Crane Fly: A Lawn and Pasture Pest. . WSU-CES: EB 0856. 4 pp. Barnes, H.F. 1941. Sampling for Leatherjackets with Orthodichlorobenzene Emulsion. Ann. Appl. Biol. 28:23-28. Blackshaw, R.P. and J.W. Newbold. 1987. Studies on the estimation of Sampling Error for Leatherjackets (Tipula spp.) in Grassland. Grass and Forage Science 42:347-351. Campbell, R.L. 1975 Insecticidal Control of European Carne Fly in Washington. J. Econ. Ent. Vol. 68, No. 3. pp 386-388. Fox, D.J.S. 1957. Note of Occurrence in Cape Breton Island of Tipula paludosa Meigen (Diptera: Tipulidae). Can. Entomol. 89:228. Jackson, D.M. and R.L. Campbell. 1975. Biology of the European Crane Fly, Tipula paludosa Meigen, in Western Washington (Tipulidae: Diptera). W.S.U. Tech. Bull. 81. 23 pp. LaGasa, E.H. and A.L. Antonelli. 1999 Western Washington Tipula oleraceae Survey (Diptera: Tipulidae) 2000. WSDA PUB 034 (N/1/00). 8 pp. Pesho, G.R., S.E. Brauen, and R.L. Goss. 1981. European Crane Fly: Larval Infestations in Grass Cultivars. Journ. Econ. Ent. pp 230-233. Stahnke, G.K., S.E. Brauen, A.L. Antonelli, and R.L. Goss. 1993. Alternatives for European Cranefly Control in Turfgrass. International Turfgrass Soc. Res. Journ. 7. R.N. Carrow, N.E. Christians, R.C. Shearman (Eds.). Intertec Publ. Corp. Overland Park, Kansas. pp 375-381. Stahnke, G.K. and A.L. Antonelli. 1995. European Crane Flies in the Pacific Northwest. Golf Course Management. December. pp 56-60. Wilkinson, A.T.S. 1969. Leatherjackets - A New Pest in British Columbia. Canada Agriculture. Williams, J., R.C. Eickelbarger, and G.C. Fisher. 1989. The European Crane Fly: A Serious Pasture Pest in Tillamook County. OSU-EM 8411. 4 p BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION Arthur L. Antonelli, Ph.D. WSU Puyallup 24 years at present location Major interest: Landscape IPM Avocation: Ichthyology (specifically fish behavior) Gwen K. Stahnke, Ph.D. WSU Puyallup 11 years at present location Major interest: Turfgrass Management   Previous				In this paper: Introduction Life Cycle Current Management Practices Management Techniques - Past & Current Bibliography Printer-friendly format combines all sections of this paper See also: "They don't drive Harleys" - by Craig MacConnell "ECF & CCF" - by Sharon Collman "Managing ECF in Whatcom Co." - by Todd Murray and Scarlet Tang
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